home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Date sent: Tue, 16 Apr 1996 14:20:58 -0600
-
-
- The Annexation of Texas
-
- The rise of manifest destiny in the United States had a powerful impact on
- all Americans and eventually led to war with Mexico. The term ╥manifest
- destiny╙, as used in the 1840╒s, described the inevitability of the continued
- westward expansion of the United States (Berkin 356). The annexation of Texas
- which followed the American victory over Mexico was controversial but was
- justified because the people occupying the land needed a civil government.
- After the Mexican revolution against Spain in 1821 it was a given that
- present day Texas, New Mexican, Arizona, and California belonged to Mexico.
- However it was readily apparent that Mexico was having difficulty controlling
- this vast region of land with a very diverse population. The capital of Mexico,
- Mexico City, was nowhere near the region of land it was supposed to be governing.
- The government in Mexico was constantly undergoing changes and wasn╒t even
- capable of governing Mexico itself. The fact that the government had no laws
- preventing Americans from settling in the region of land that would later become
- part of the United States caused an influx of pioneers. These pioneers chose to
- ignore Mexican customs and religion only to cause extreme tension between the
- Texians, the Non-Hispanic settlers in Texas, and the Tejanos, the Mexican
- settlers in Texas. Also in present day Texas and New Mexico several Indian
- civilizations such as the Comanches were not going to let anyone govern them that
- easily.
- The Texas Revolution that broke out on September 29, 1835 showed that the
- inhabitants of Texas, mainly American migrants, didn╒t think the Mexican
- government and constitution they were supposed to abide by was adequate. When
- they did achieve independence the constitution that was written up was based
- largely on the constitution of the United States. One man responsible for this
- constitution was Lorenzo de Zavala, a liberal politician, who felt that the
- Mexican government was unsuitable for the ideals the people of Texas had and that
- revolution and eventual statehood would be best for their way of life. This
- action was very important when talks of annexation to the United States were
- brought up as a campaign issue in the presidential election of 1844. The winner
- of the election, James K. Polk, was hardly known and one of the reasons he won
- was because of his position on expansion and manifest destiny. He felt that the
- regions of Oregon and Texas rightfully belonged to the United States. In
- conclusion, Americans needed to expand and the southwest was very promising for
- would be farmers.
- There are several convincing arguments as to why the United States was not
- justified in annexing Texas, one of them being it only was able to do so by
- force. Also there were those in the region that preferred to remain independent,
- including the Indian groups mentioned above. The war broke out not because of a
- dispute over the border of Texas but because Mexico saw that Polk, the president
- of the United States in 1845, was trying to steal the entire Southwest from
- Mexico.
- Another reason the annexation of Texas wasn╒t justified was that many people
- in the North and West were strongly opposed to it. They felt this way because of
- the issue of slavery. It was almost certain that Texas would be annexed as a
- slave state because of its location in the south and its agricultural way of
- life. Sectionalism between the North and the South was rising and the
- abolitionist movement was also gaining popularity. The addition of another slave
- state would give the South more votes in congress causing an imbalance the North
- wouldn╒t allow. Most people weren╒t opposed to slavery at this point in time but
- they were opposed to the expansion of it. However the southerner╒s believed that
- manifest destiny meant that the South was to expand to where cotton would grow
- and slavery would be most profitable (Berkin 363). The annexation of Texas is
- one of the events leading up to the Civil War, showing how strongly some people
- felt about it. Congress started the war with Mexico by establishing the border
- of Texas on the Rio Grande going against their word in the joint resolution.
- This resolution stated that Texas would accept any boundaries that might be
- negotiated between the two countries. This is indicative of how the United
- States acted towards Mexico by making claims on territory that they had
- absolutely no legal right to.
-